[Zhongbo.com] In the 20th century, the world's building science and technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. The thermal insulation performance and airtightness of building envelopes in developed countries have been greatly improved. The equipment and technology for heating, air conditioning and shading are making progress, and people can be more and more Living and working in a more welcoming and comfortable indoor environment. From classic architectural treasures to rough local architecture, architectural shading is fully valued and presented in different ways. An important aspect of building energy efficiency is the effective design of the building unit, which mainly includes heat insulation (window, wall, roof), shading, and ventilation. A reasonable building sunshade design can reduce the operating energy consumption of the air conditioning system by approximately 16% to 29%. Solar curtain wall energy saving The necessity of glass curtain wall shading After the energy crisis of the 1970s, different systems were developed to enhance the thermal performance of glass curtain walls. The glass curtain wall is the main structure of the public building's outer protective structure. It is the part of the building that is more active and sensitive to heat exchange and heat transfer. It is 5-6 times of the loss of heat loss of the traditional wall. Its energy consumption accounts for about the energy consumption of the whole building. About 40%, so the energy saving of the glass curtain wall has an extremely important position. In China, with the development of market economy, building energy conservation is an urgent need for sustainable economic and social development in China. The awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection of construction units and design units is constantly improving, and the energy conservation requirements for glass curtain walls are constantly improving. Although the glass curtain wall building adopts the shading measures to achieve the desired heat insulation and energy saving effect, at present, the parties at this stage do not pay enough attention to this. A poorly designed building with a glass curtain wall can consume four times more electricity per year than a typical concrete façade building. The glass curtain wall has a service life of 50 years, and its energy-saving effect is of course far superior to short-life air conditioners, refrigerators, and boilers. Therefore, the energy saving of glass curtain wall buildings is more important than the energy conservation of other building products. The development of solar curtain wall shading technology is also a potential tool for building energy conservation. Research on glass curtain wall shading The energy-saving design of the building's perimeter structure is interlocked by factors such as window opening, orientation, shading and insulation materials. These factors affect the energy consumption of the building. The Silaya Research Office in Taiwan has conducted research on the external protective structure of office buildings in Taiwan, and analyzed the energy consumption of various elements of the building's external protective structure. The analysis results are as follows: 1 The window opening rate of the external wall is an important factor for energy saving of the external wall. Reducing the window opening area rate is an important means of energy saving, but reducing the window opening rate must also ensure and proper natural lighting, and avoid the psychological closure. However, for the glass curtain wall that pursues the transparency effect, the energy-saving requirement can only be achieved by reducing the opening window area and strengthening the heat-insulating design of the opaque place. 2 External shading and glass shading are the second important factors for energy saving of external walls. Glass materials and external shading affect the shielding rate. However, the installation of sun visors and sunshade is far more effective than changing the glass material. The glass material can be selected from high reflectivity reflective glass and heat absorbing glass (reflecting glass with too high reflectivity will cause glare pollution), so choose a suitable reflective glass. 3 The building orientation factor is the third element of the external wall energy-saving design (accounting for 13.8%). A large area of ​​glass curtain wall should avoid the east and the west, and the long direction of the building should be placed in a north-south direction. The use of shading measures is not only a necessary means for energy-saving design of glass curtain wall buildings, but also a necessary means for building design of high-standard glass curtain wall buildings. The role and effect of shading Since the glass curtain wall is composed of glass and metal structure, the glass surface has strong heat exchange and high heat transmittance, so it has a great influence on indoor thermal conditions. In the summer, the sun shines through the glass into the room, which is the main cause of overheating in the room. Especially in hot areas in the south, if the human body is exposed to direct sunlight, it will feel hot and uncomfortable. The provision of a shading system on the glass curtain wall can reduce the direct exposure of sunlight to avoid overheating in the room, and is one of the main measures for building heat protection in hot areas. After setting the sunshade, it will have the following effects and effects: The effect of shading on solar radiation The thermal insulation performance of the external protection structure is affected by many factors, and the most influential indicator is the shading coefficient. In general, the shading coefficient is controlled by the nature of the material itself and the environment. The shading coefficient is the ratio of solar radiation heat through the enclosure with shading and the enclosure without shading. The smaller the shading coefficient, the smaller the solar radiation heat through the outer protective structure, and the better the heat protection effect. It can be seen that the effect of the sunshade on shielding the solar radiant heat is quite large, and the shading measures of the glass curtain wall building are more effective. Shading on indoor temperature Shading has a significant effect on preventing indoor temperature rise. Test observations in the hot summer area show that in the case of closed windows, there is no shading, and the difference in room temperature is large. Moreover, when there is shading, the room temperature amplitude is small, the room temperature has a maximum time delay, and the indoor temperature field is uniform. Therefore, the sunshade can reduce the cooling load on the air-conditioned room, so for air-conditioned buildings, the sunshade is one of the main measures to save energy. The effect of shading on daylighting From the point of view of natural lighting, the shading measures will block direct sunlight, prevent glare, and make the indoor illumination distribution more uniform, which will help the visual work. For the surrounding environment, the sunshade can disperse the reflected light of the glass of the glass curtain wall (especially the coated glass), avoiding the light pollution caused by the large-area glass reflection. However, since the shading measures have a light blocking effect, the indoor illumination is lowered, which is more disadvantageous in rainy days. Therefore, in the design of the shading system, there must be sufficient consideration to meet the requirements of indoor natural lighting. Side lighting may cause excessive brightness in the room and sometimes cause glare. The choice of which form of glass requires both lighting and energy efficiency. The awning allows for energy efficiency and daylighting. The effect of shading on the appearance of the building The average person thinks that the glass curtain wall design can only be flat, and it is impossible to design external shading and other shading facilities. However, in many cases abroad, we can find that the metal glass curtain wall can be designed into a beautiful shade form with a light metal plate and become an interesting architectural form. Share. The shading system forms a light and shadow effect on the glass wall of the glass curtain wall, reflecting the aesthetic effect of modern architectural art. Therefore, in the European architectural world, the external shading system has been used as an active façade element, even called a double façade. One floor is the facade of the building itself, and the other is the facade of the dynamic sunshade. This kind of "dynamic" building image is not because of the fashion needs of the building facade, but a new modern architectural form that modern technology solves human energy-saving and natural needs. The effect of shading on room ventilation The sunshade facilities have a certain blocking effect on the ventilation of the room. When the window is ventilated, the wind speed in the room will be reduced by 22%-47%, depending on the construction of the sunshade facility; it will block the rising hot air on the glass surface. , unfavorable heat dissipation, should pay attention to the design of the sunshade. Shading form and structure design Sunshade has the functions of preventing solar radiation, avoiding glare, improving the indoor environment and climate, and the aesthetic effect of light and shadow on the exterior of the building, but it also has different levels of influence on indoor lighting and ventilation. The shading system itself is divided into external shading and internal shading according to the position, which can be divided into movable shading and fixed shading. In terms of shading form, there are generally four types: horizontal shading, vertical shading, integrated shading and baffle type. Shading can be used as a resident or temporary depending on the climate characteristics of the area and the requirements of the use of the room. The resident is to set various forms of sun visors and sunshades inside and outside the glass curtain wall. Temporary is to set light curtains, bamboo curtains, soft hundred pages and canvas canopies inside and outside the glass. In the resident shading facilities, depending on whether the components can be active, they can be classified into fixed or movable. The movable sunshade can be used to change the season of the year, the time of day and the weather of the sky, and adjust the angle of the sun visor. In the cold season, you can avoid blocking the sun and gaining sunshine. In addition to the shading form, the shading effect has a great relationship with the structural design. Pay special attention to the following points when designing: Sun visor combination and construction Under the premise of obstructing the straight-line sunlight, there may be different combinations of panel surfaces, and more favorable forms such as ventilation, lighting, field of view, construction and facade treatment should be selected. In order to dissipate the hot air and reduce the influence on ventilation and lighting, the board surface is often made into a hundred pages or partially made into a hundred pages, or the middle layer is made into a hundred pages. The sun visor can be made of aluminum, light metal or concrete. Sun visor installation location The location where the visor is installed has a great influence on heat protection and ventilation. For example, when the panel surface is placed close to the wall surface, the hot air heated by the heated surface will be introduced into the room by the outdoor wind pressure. In this case, the integrated sunshade is more serious. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the board surface should be installed at a certain distance from the glass wall surface so that most of the hot air is discharged along the wall surface, and the sun visor should be reduced as much as possible. The wind can also play a role in guiding air into the room. Material and color In order to reduce the self-weight, the sunshade member is preferably light in weight. The sunshade members are often exposed to the outdoors, exposed to the sun and rain, and are easily damaged, so the materials are strong and durable. If the sunshade is mobile, it is light and flexible for adjustment or removal. The outer surface of the material has a small absorption coefficient for solar radiant heat, and the appropriate shading material can be selected according to the above requirements and the actual situation. The color of the sunshade components also has an effect on the insulation effect. Taking the venetian blinds installed inside the glass curtain wall as an example, the shading coefficients of dark, intermediate, and white are: 86%, 74%, and 62%, respectively. White is 24% less dark. In order to enhance the reflection of the surface and reduce the absorption, the side of the sunshade facing the sunlight should be a light-colored bright color, while on the back side of the sun, it should be a dark matt color to avoid glare. External and internal shading In general, a horizontal sun visor with an outdoor south elevation angle of 45° can easily cover 68% of solar radiant heat. The awnings, such as curtains and soft shutters, which are installed on the inside of the window, absorb most of the solar radiant heat and are distributed to the indoor air. The sun visor installed on the outside absorbs the radiant heat, and most of it is radiated to the outdoor air, thus reducing the influence on the indoor temperature. Therefore, the use of external sunshade (sun visor) is a better way to save energy in buildings. Intelligent design of the shading system. Many of the advantages of the sunshade system are ignored or simply used as a decoration for the building. We believe that the intelligent shading system is an integral part of the building intelligent system. The shading system is designed to improve the indoor environment. Today, a new type of intelligent glass curtain wall technology has been developed in Western Europe countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom. The intelligent glass curtain wall broadly includes a glass curtain wall, a ventilation system, an air conditioning system environmental detection system, and an automatic building control system. The core of the technology is a special curtain wall-hot channel curtain wall with different traditional curtain wall. Its main feature is to form a ventilation and ventilation layer between the inner and outer curtain walls, due to the circulation or circulation of air in the ventilation layer. The effect is that the temperature of the inner curtain wall is close to the indoor temperature, and the temperature difference is reduced, so that it saves 42%-52% of energy compared with the traditional curtain wall heating, and saves 38%-60% of energy during cooling. Adding daylight control devices (such as louvers, light reflectors, heat reflectors, etc.) to the air cavity can meet the requirements of natural ventilation and natural daylighting of the building. In addition, due to the use of the double-layer curtain wall, the sound insulation effect of the entire curtain wall has been greatly improved. Conclusion The effect and effect of a reasonable shading system on the art and technology of glass curtain wall construction, especially in terms of building energy conservation and intelligence, requires us to continuously develop and research. Research on building shading technology at home and abroad; research on applicability shading structure scheme; research on performance coefficient of shading structure; development of energy-saving software for shading system; evaluation of shading structure art will be our future work focus. Building shading should not be just a set of physical digital calculations. As long as reasonable integration of technology and art, it can become an expressive building facade element, become a breathable building skin, and better play its role to achieve the building. Energy saving. Women Bathrobe,Air Layer Bathrobe,Waffle Bathrobe,Hotel Cotton Waffle Bathrobe Huaian Tianxiangjin Knitwear Factory , https://www.txjtowel.com
