Chinese jade culture is profound and rich in content and is an important part of China's excellent traditional culture. Mr. Xia Wei once pointed out: "There are three places in the world known for their jade crafts, namely China, Central America (Mexico) and New Zealand, of which China has the longest history." The Bahrain steppe is located in the northern part of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The word “Bahrain†originates from the Ministry of Mongolia and Bahrain. In the “Mongolian Secret Historyâ€, “Bahrain†is used as “Ba'ao†and “Yuanshi†is “eight neighborsâ€. The existing archaeological findings and research results show that the prehistoric jade artifacts of the Bahrain steppe can be divided into two different stages of development, namely the Xinglongyu culture stage, about 8200-7200 years ago; the Hongshan culture stage, about 6500-5000 years ago. . Thus, the prehistoric jade of the Bahrain steppe has become an important material carrier for exploring the origin of the eight-thousand-year jade culture of China and the formation of five thousand years of Chinese civilization. It has important academic and practical significance. The origin of jade and the latest evidence Hongge Litu is a cemetery of stone-like nature, distributed at the top of the hill, about 4.5 kilometers south of the north bank of the Xilamu River. In August 1997, archaeologists from the Chifeng City Museum in Inner Mongolia and the Bahrain Right Banner Museum conducted a rescue excavation of the cemetery. Seven jade baboons were found in one of the stone tombs. The bodies were ring-shaped and one side was narrow. The notches are made of yellow-green tremolite soft jade and are polished. The most peculiar thing is that the seven pieces of the same jade from the same tomb can be arranged in small to large, the smallest one has an outer diameter of 1.25 cm and the largest one has an outer diameter of 5.1 cm. This discovery has never been seen in the prehistoric jade archaeological materials of the Bahrain steppe and even the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia and western Liaoning. It has very unique academic value. However, there are two distinct views on the cultural nature and chronology of the Hungryli cemetery: one view holds that the shape of the tombs of Shijie and Shijie should belong to Hongshan culture; another view is that Since there is no pottery or pottery piece of Hongshan culture, from the styling characteristics and the craftsmanship style of the jade unearthed, it can be concluded that it is a booming culture. In order to further verify and confirm the cultural nature and age of the Honggeli stone and the jade unearthed, in August 2015, at the invitation of the Bahrain Right Banner and the People’s Government of the People’s Government of Bahrain, the author and the colleagues of the Bahrain Right Banner Museum jointly joined Honggli The map stone was surveyed on the ground. Surprisingly, we collected the abdominal fragments of the Xinglong æ´¼ culture tubular pottery jar on the surface. The table was horizontally pressed and crossed with a diagonal slash, but there was no red mountain culture or other related archaeological culture. . This discovery is crucial to confirm the direct evidence that the Honggeli stone and the jade unearthed belong to the culture of Xinglong. The outer wall of the pottery in the late period of Xinglongyu culture was mainly pressed and printed with zigzag patterns, while Hongge tried to collect the appearance of the pottery on the surface of the pottery, and applied cross-cutting and short oblique lines. This is the early and middle-stage pottery abdomen of Xinglongyu culture. Typical ornamentation. From this, we can confirm that the cultural nature and age of the Hungry dynasty stone scorpion should belong to the early and middle stages of the Xinglong æ´¼ culture, dating from about 8200 to 7500 years ago, thus finding the direct shape of the Hongshan culture stone in the Bahrain grassland. source. At the same time, the Xinglongyu culture jade unearthed from the cemetery of Honggeli provides more information for exploring the origin of Chinese jade culture. The discovery of Xinglongyu culture jade artifacts promoted the history of carving and using jade articles in China to the middle of the Neolithic Age around 8000 years ago. It became the earliest jade in China, and created the first river in China's prehistoric period. Yuxi is the most representative type of Xinglongyu culture. It is made of fine yellow and green tremolite soft jade. It masters the jade carving techniques such as cutting, polishing and drilling, especially sand and gravel. The invention and application of wire cutting technology laid an important foundation for the formation of the prehistoric jade cultural exchange circle in ancient East Asia. The jade of the Xinglong Culture is always in the ear of the tomb owner. It is undoubtedly the ornament worn by the tomb owner before his life. This is the oldest jade earring known in the world. In addition to the ear decoration function, the jade in the Xinglongyu culture period has been given the following two special functions: one is the function of jade. A jade found in the tomb of the No. 4 living room of Xinglonggou Site is embedded in the right eyelid of the tomb owner. This kind of jade custom was first discovered in the prehistoric period of China, and should play a unique role in the purpose of jade. Therefore, it can be recalled that the head of the Hongshan culture pottery sculpture unearthed in the goddess temple of Niulianghe site in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, and the circular green jade piece embedded in the eyelid should be regarded as the jade-eyed idea of ​​the Xinglongyu culture. The inheritance and sublimation of ideas. The other is the function of having a ritual. The seven pieces of jade unearthed from a tomb in the above-mentioned article are arranged in a group from small to large. Obviously, they are not directly worn on the ears. They should have the social hierarchy, status and identity of the tomb. The function is undoubtedly used as a ritual instrument, which also lays an important position for the prehistoric jade of the Bahrain steppe in the origin stage of Chinese jade culture. Jade development and civilization symbol The Nastai site is located on the high platform of the west bank of the Chaganmu River in the northern part of the Xilamu River. It is about 14 kilometers south of the west bank of the Xilamu River. The total area of ​​the site is about 1.5 million square meters. Mainly, the archaeological finds of the red mountain cultural site with the white and gray surface and the remnant section of the cofferdam should be the largest settlement of the Hongshan culture in the northern part of the Xilamu River. The most important thing is that a total of nearly 100 pieces of Hongshan culture jade articles were collected and collected at the Nastai site. This is the location where the number of Hongshan culture jade vessels unearthed in the northern part of the Xilamu River is known. Usually, the Hongshan culture jade is mainly from the tomb of the stone in the stone. As the funerary of the tomb owner, the Niuheliang site is the most representative. The Hongshan culture jade excavated in the Chaoyang Banla Mountain site in recent years is also mainly concentrated in the jade. The stone is in the tomb of the stone. The Hongshan culture jade collected and collected by the Nastai site are clearly from the residential site. It is of great significance to fully understand the use function of the Hongshan culture jade and to establish the special position of the Nasita site in the entire Hongshan cultural distribution area. . In order to deeply study the connotation, characteristics and cultural value of the Hongshan culture jade unearthed at the Nastai site, in September 2017, we again observed the modeling features and carving techniques of the jade articles with the colleagues of the Bahrain Right Banner Museum. The map and the line chart have initially achieved some new insights, mainly in the following two points. First, the Hongshan culture jade unearthed from the Nastai site is well-chosen, with tremolite soft jade as the main component. Some jade objects have reddish-brown stone skin on the surface. The jade used should come from Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province. The fine jade ditch. Up to today, this kind of jade material is still found in the bottom of the Baisha River valley on the east side of Xiuyan Ditch, and in the first-order terrace mud and gravel layer on both sides of the river. It is commonly known as Xiuyan “He Moyuâ€, which is the quality of Xiuyan jade. The highest, most expensive and rarest jade. Although clues to tremolite nephrite have been found in the areas of Bahrain Right Banner, Aohan Banner and Chaoyang, some of the Hongshan culture jade groups are also carved from local jade, but represented by Nastai. The high-grade core ruins and the typical jade articles from the large burial and sacrificial center represented by Niuheliang are made of Xiuyan tremolite “He Mo Yuâ€. It can be seen that the ability of Hongshan culture to identify and select jade materials is not significantly different from today's people. Second, the jade wares of the unearthed animal models at the Nastai site are exquisitely selected, exquisitely carved, vivid and vivid, with distinct regional characteristics and contemporary style. It is a pioneering development of the prehistoric jade wares and carving techniques of the Bahrain Prairie. Important sign. There is a jade dragon unearthed from the Nastai site. The head is slightly larger, the face is clear, the ears are erect in an arc shape, the body is twisted, the tail end is tapered, the first and the tail are separated, but the distance is relatively close, and there is one pair on the neck. A small round hole drilled. The most striking feature of this jade dragon is that it has a double eye and a round shape, and it is obviously convex outward. This is one of the typical characteristics of the Jade Dragon in the late Hongshan culture, and it has a profound influence on the shape of the later Yulong. A dragon inlaid with turquoise pieces was unearthed from the Erlitou site. The jade is a circular drum, and its inheritance and evolution are clear. There are 4 pieces of jadeworms unearthed at the Nastai site. No matter whether it is selected or engraved, it is a fine jadeware of Hongshan culture. Unfortunately, it has not paid enough attention in previous research, and its important academic value and practical significance have not been fully reflect. From the styling characteristics and the size of the body, these four pieces of silkworm can be clearly divided into two pairs. The larger pair of jade silkworms are cylindrical, and the head end face is carved with round eyes. The tail end is rounded and adducted, slightly raised, and the belly has four regular ribs. The silkworm has horizontal and vertical shapes. Each hole is drilled in a “ten†shape. The silkworm body is 9.3 cm long. A slightly smaller pair of jade silkworms has a flat cylinder, and the head end face is more finely carved. The outer round drum is rounded, the tail end is adducted, and the tip end is curved, which is obviously upturned. The abdomen is convex and ribbed, and only the horizontal hole is drilled. The silkworm body is 7.3-7.8 cm long. Tussah and silkworm are the two major silkworm species in the north and south of China, and their silkworms are important raw materials for silk textiles in China. The four pieces of Hongshan culture jade silkworm unearthed at the Nastai site should be the tussah pupa. By comparing with the real tussah pupa, we found that the smaller pair of worms is more realistic. The discovery and confirmation of the red silk culture silkworm has important practical significance for studying the formation of the grassland silk road and the prehistoric cultural foundation. One jade and two jade eagle unearthed from the Nastai site are finely crafted, skillful and lifelike. In contrast, the New Zealander "Atua" is the soul of a certain god or ancestor, often appearing in the image of animals; every Samoan has a separate amulet, this god has a donkey, shark, dog, The image of an animal such as a turtle. The connotation and function of jade articles in Hongshan cultural animal modeling need to be further explored by referring to relevant ethnological materials. From the Nanshan cultural pottery type and painted pottery pattern unearthed from the Nastai site, it should belong to the late stage of the Hongshan culture, about 5300-5000 years ago. This stage is a period of great changes in prehistoric social development in the upper reaches of the West Liaohe River, including the Bahrain Prairie. The dry farming system based on planting millet and alfalfa is mature, the population is growing rapidly, and the productivity level is significantly improved. The specialization has intensified, the hierarchy has been established, and the formation of Hongshan civilization has become one of the important sources of China's 5,000-year civilization. It is also a bright pearl in ancient civilizations in East Asia. During the Hongshan culture period, the mature ideas of heaven and earth worship, ancestor worship, and dragon totem worship have become the core values ​​of Chinese civilization and continue to this day. General Secretary Xi Jinping once pointed out: "The cultural relics carry a splendid civilization, inherit the history and culture, and maintain the national spirit. It is a precious legacy left by our ancestors and a profound nourishment for strengthening the building of socialist spiritual civilization." Through the study of the prehistoric jade articles of the Bahrain grassland It will help to promote the in-depth discussion of the Red Mountain civilization and the five thousand years of Chinese civilization. Suede Blanket,Suede Throw Blanket,Woolrich Suede Blanket,Faux Suede Throw Hengshui Dahan Textiles Co.,Ltd. , https://www.dahantextiles.com